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Surma (woreda)
Surma is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. It is named for the Surma people, whose homeland lies in this woreda. Part of the Bench Maji Zone, Surma is bordered on the south and west by South Sudan, on the northwest by the Gambela Region, on the north by Bero, and on the east by Maji. A portion of the Omo National Park extends into the southern part of this woreda.
== Overview ==
The average elevation in this woreda is 2088 meters above sea level.〔Hailu Ejara Kene, (''Baseline Survey of 55 Weredas of PCDP Phase II, Part I'' ) (Addis Ababa: August 2008), Annex 1 (accessed 23 March 2009)〕 Rivers include the Kaia River, a tributary of the Akobo, which has its origins in this woreda. High points include Mount Naita (2560 meters) on the Ethiopian-South Sudanese border. According to a 2004 report, Surma had 26 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 5 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers.〔("Detailed statistics on roads" ), SNNPR Bureau of Finance and Economic Development website (accessed 15 September 2009)〕 This lack of roads means remote locations are accessible only by air. Moreover, there is no radio communication available in this woreda.〔Joachim Ahrens, ("Kefa - the Cradel of Coffee" ) UNDP-EUE Report, January 1997 (accessed 19 February 2009)〕 , about 30% of the total population of Surma has access to drinking water.〔Hailu Ejara Kene, ''Baseline Survey'', Annexes 16, 17 (accessed 9 October 2009)〕
On 29 September 2003, violence erupted between Surma and Anuak people following the killing of an Anuak woman by Surma men. The next day armed Anuak tribesmen shot and killed 20 Surma who were mining for gold in Naymei kebele. It remained unclear at year's end whether the government made any response to these incidents.〔("Ethiopia: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: 2003 report" ), Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, US State Department (accessed 9 July 2009)〕
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